Everything about Subjective Case totally explained
The
nominative case is a
grammatical case for a
noun, which generally marks the
subject of a
verb, as opposed to its
object or other
verb arguments.(Basically, it's a noun that's doing something, usually joined (such as in
Latin) with the
accusative case.)
Explanation
The nominative case is the usual, natural form (more technically, the
least marked) of certain parts of speech, such as nouns, adjectives, pronouns and less frequently numerals and participles, and sometimes doesn't indicate any special relationship with other parts of speech. Therefore, in some languages the nominative case is unmarked, that is, the form or
stem, with no
inflection; alternatively, it may said to be marked by a
zero morpheme. Moreover, in most languages with a nominative case, the nominative form is the
lemma; that is, it's the one used to cite a word, to list it as a dictionary entry, etc.
Nominative cases are found in
German,
Latin,
Icelandic,
Old English,
Polish, and
Russian, among other languages. English still retains some nominative
pronouns, as opposed to the
accusative case or
oblique case:
I (accusative,
me),
we (accusative,
us),
he (accusative,
him),
she (accusative,
her) and
they (accusative,
them). An archaic usage is the singular second-person pronoun
thou (accusative
thee). A special case is the word
you: Originally
ye was its nominative form and
you the accusative, but over time
you has come to be used for the nominative as well.
The term "nominative case" is most properly used in the discussion of
nominative-accusative languages, such as Latin,
Greek, and most modern Western European languages.
In
active-stative languages there's a case sometimes called nominative which is the
most marked case, and is used for the subject of a
transitive verb or a voluntary subject of an
intransitive verb, but not for an involuntary subject of an intransitive verb; since such languages are a relatively new field of study, there's no standard name for this case.
Subjective Case
Some writers of
English employ the term
subjective case instead of nominative, in order to draw attention to the differences between the "standard" generic nominative and the way it's used in English.
Generally, when the term subjective case is used, the
accusative and
dative are collectively labelled as the
objective case. This is possible in English because the two have merged; there are no surviving examples where the accusative and the dative are distinct in form, though their functions are still distinct. The
genitive case is then usually called the
possessive form and often isn't considered as a noun case per se; English is then said to have two cases, the subjective and the objective. This view is an oversimplification, but it's didactically useful.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Subjective Case'.
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